What is Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer occurs in the cells of the cervix—the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It’s one of the most preventable forms of cancer when detected early, thanks to advancements in medical screenings and vaccinations.

Why Awareness Matters ?

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cervical cancer is the 4th most common cancer among women globally. India accounted for about one-fourth of cervical cancer deaths worldwide. In India, over 77,000 women die from cervical cancer each year, making it the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women in the country. Death rates for cervical cancer in India are likely under-reported, especially in rural areas.

What are the Symptoms of Cervical Cancer :

1. Abnormal vaginal bleeding
2. Pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis
3. Pain during sex
4. Vaginal discharge that's not normal
5. Leg pain and swelling

Understanding the Risk Factors :

1. Sexual initiation at young age
2. Multiple sexual partners
3. Smoking
4. Herpes simplex
5. HIV
6. Coinfection with other genital infections
7. Oral contraceptive use

What are the Preventive Measures :

1. Vaccination - The HPV vaccine is a proven method to prevent cervical cancer. It’s most effective when administered to preteens but can also benefit young adults.

• Pre-teens (Ages 9-12): Two doses of the HPV vaccine are recommended, given 6 to 12 months apart. This age group receives the vaccine at its most effective stage, providing long-term protection.

• Teenagers (Ages 13-14): If the vaccination schedule is delayed, two doses are still recommended, spaced 6 to 12 months apart.

• Young Adults (Ages 15-26): Three doses are recommended for those starting the vaccine series after their 15th birthday. The second dose is given 1 to 2 months after the first, and the third dose is administered 6 months after the first.

• Adults (Ages 27-45): The vaccine is now approved for adults up to age 45. Consult your healthcare provider to determine if vaccination is appropriate based on individual risk factors.

2. Regular Screenings

Routine Pap smears and HPV testing can detect abnormal cells before they turn into cancer. Women aged 21 to 65 should consult their healthcare providers to determine an appropriate screening schedule.

3. Say NO to Smoking

Eliminating tobacco use significantly decreases the chances of developing cervical cancer. Smoking can damage the DNA of cervical cells, which can lead to precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. Smoking also weakens the immune system, making it harder to fight the human papillomavirus (HPV). 

4. Treating Pre-Cancerous Lesions. 

Precancerous lesions can be treated with a variety of methods like :

• Topical Medications like medicated Ointments, Solutions, Powders as they are absorbed more readily through thin or inflamed skin.
•  Cryotherapy like Liquid nitrogen is sprayed on the lesion to freeze and destroy it. 
•  Laser Therapy can be used to burn away precancerous cells on the cervix.
•  Surgery to remove abnormal cells on the cervix.